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		<title>Articles fondamentaux</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 23 Nov 2006 23:45:46 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Catégorie de ressources :

Livres et cours en ligne
Articles fondamentaux
Articles récents
Scientifiques en ligne
Blogs
Ressources web

Physique
Physique classique

Archimède, (ca. 250 BC), &#8220;Archimède&#8220;, traduction Ch. Mugler, Belles Lettres (2003). [Premier physicien mathématique de l&#8217;histoire]
G. Galilei, &#8220;Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche intorno a due nuove scienze&#8221; (&#8221;Discours concernant deux sciences nouvelles&#8220;), Leiden, Louis Elsevier (1638). [Mécanique, cinématique, théorie de l&#8217;inertie]
I. Newton, &#8220;Philosophiae [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div xml:lang="fr" lang="fr"><p><small>Catégorie de ressources :</small></p>
<ul class="linknav">
<li><a href="http://strangepaths.com/ressources/fr/">Livres et cours en ligne</a></li>
<li><strong><font color="#993300">Articles fondamentaux</font></strong></li>
<li><a href="http://strangepaths.com/ressources/articles-recents/fr/">Articles récents</a></li>
<li><a href="http://strangepaths.com/ressources/scientifiques-online/fr/">Scientifiques en ligne</a></li>
<li><a href="http://strangepaths.com/ressources/blogs/fr/">Blogs</a></li>
<li><a href="http://strangepaths.com/ressources/ressources-web/fr/">Ressources web</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Physique</h2>
<h3>Physique classique</h3>
<ul>
<li>Archimède, (ca. 250 BC), &#8220;<a target="_blank" title="View product details at Amazon" href="http://www.amazon.fr/gp/redirect.html%3FASIN=2251000240%26tag=strangepaths-20%26lcode=xm2%26cID=2025%26ccmID=165953%26location=/o/ASIN/2251000240%253FSubscriptionId=0EMV44A9A5YT1RVDGZ82">Archimède</a>&#8220;, traduction Ch. Mugler, Belles Lettres (2003). [Premier physicien mathématique de l&#8217;histoire]</li>
<li>G. Galilei, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.liberliber.it/biblioteca/g/galilei/discorsi_e_dimostrazioni_matematiche_intorno_a_due_nuove_etc/html/index.htm">Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche intorno a due nuove scienze</a>&#8221; (&#8221;<a target="_blank" href="http://irh.unice.fr/spip.php?article81">Discours concernant deux sciences nouvelles</a>&#8220;), Leiden, Louis Elsevier (1638). [Mécanique, cinématique, théorie de l&#8217;inertie]</li>
<li>I. Newton, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/Book.php?recordID=0741">Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica</a>&#8221; (&#8221;<a target="_blank" href="http://members.tripod.com/%7Egravitee/">Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy</a>&#8220;) (1687). &#8220;<a target="_blank" title="View product details at Amazon" href="http://www.amazon.fr/gp/redirect.html%3FASIN=2100493353%26tag=strangepaths-20%26lcode=xm2%26cID=2025%26ccmID=165953%26location=/o/ASIN/2100493353%253FSubscriptionId=0EMV44A9A5YT1RVDGZ82">Principia : Principes mathématiques de la philosophie naturelle</a>&#8221; Dunod (ed. 2005) [Lois de Newton]</li>
<li>J.C. Maxwell, &#8220;A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field&#8221;, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 155, 459-512 (1865). Cfr. &#8220;<a target="_blank" title="View product details at Amazon" href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html%3FASIN=0486606368%26tag=strangepaths-20%26lcode=xm2%26cID=2025%26ccmID=165953%26location=/o/ASIN/0486606368%253FSubscriptionId=0EMV44A9A5YT1RVDGZ82">Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism</a>&#8220;, Dover Publications (1954) [Théorie de l&#8217;électromagnetisme]</li>
<li>E. Noether, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.physics.ucla.edu/%7Ecwp/articles/noether.trans/german/emmy235.html">Invariante Variationsprobleme</a>&#8221; (&#8221;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.physics.ucla.edu/%7Ecwp/articles/noether.trans/english/mort186.html">Invariant variation problems</a>&#8220;), Nachr. v. d. Ges. d. Wiss. zu Göttingen, 235-257 (1918). [Théorème de Noether]</li>
</ul>
<h3>Relativité</h3>
<ul>
<li>A. Einstein, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.strangepaths.com/files/1905_17.pdf">Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper</a>&#8221; (&#8221;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/specrel/specrel.pdf">On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies</a>&#8220;), Annalen Der Physik (June 30, 1905). [Théorie de la relativité restreinte]</li>
<li>A. Einstein, &#8220;&#8221;<a class="external text" href="http://www.strangepaths.com/files/1905_18.pdf">Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?</a>&#8221; (&#8221;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/E_mc2/e_mc2.pdf"><span class="external text">Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?</span></a>&#8220;), Annalen Der Physik (September 27, 1905). [Dérivation de la relation e=mc<sup>2</sup> d&#8217;équivalence masse/énergie].</li>
<li>A. Einstein, &#8220;<a class="external text" href="http://www.strangepaths.com/files/1916_49.pdf">Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie</a>&#8221; (&#8221;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.alberteinstein.info/gallery/pdf/CP6Doc30_English_pp146-200.pdf"><span class="external text">The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity</span></a>&#8220;), Annalen Der Physik, 49 (1916). [Théorie de la relativité générale]</li>
<li>K. Schwarzschild, &#8220;Über das Gravitationsfeld eines Massenpunktes nach der Einsteinschen Theorie&#8221; (&#8221;<a target="_blank" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/9905030">On the gravitational field of a mass point according to Einstein&#8217;s theory</a>&#8220;, Sitzungsber. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Phys.-Math. Kl. 189-196 (1916). [Métrique de Schwarzschild]</li>
<li>R. P. Kerr, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v11/i5/p237_1">Gravitational Field of a Spinning Mass as an Example of Algebraically Special Metrics</a>&#8220;, Physical Review Letters, 11, 237–238 (1963). [Métrique de Kerr]</li>
</ul>
<h3>Cosmologie</h3>
<ul>
<li>A. Friedmann, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/l23864w241673530/">Uber die Krümmung des Raumes</a>&#8221; (&#8221;On Space Curvature&#8221;), Zeitschrift fur Physik, 10, 377-387 (1922). [Cosmologie de Friedmann]</li>
<li>E. Hubble, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/15/3/168.pdf">A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae</a>&#8220;, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 15, 168-173 (1929). [Loi de Hubble]</li>
<li>S. Chandrasekhar, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1935MNRAS..95..207C">The highly collapsed configurations of a stellar mass</a>&#8220;, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 95, 207-225 (1935). [Limite di Chandrasekhar]</li>
<li>R. A. Alpher, G. Gamow, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v73/i7/p803_1">The Origin of Chemical Elements</a>&#8220;, Physical Review, 73, 803 (1948). [Théorie de la nucleosynthèse primordiale]</li>
<li>A. Guth, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRD/v23/i2/p347_1">Inflationary universe: A possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems</a>&#8220;, Physical Review D (Particles and Fields), 23:2, 347-356 (1981). [Théorie de l&#8217;inflation cosmique]</li>
<li>A. D. Linde, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982PhLB..108..389L">A new inflationary universe scenario: A possible solution of the horizon, flatness, homogeneity, isotropy and primordial monopole problems</a>&#8220;, Physics Letters B, 108:6, 389-393 (1982). [&#8221;Nouvelle&#8221; théorie de l&#8217;inflation cosmique]</li>
</ul>
<h3>Physique quantique</h3>
<ul>
<li>M. Planck, &#8220;Über das Gesetz der Energieverteilung im Normalspektrum&#8221; (&#8221;<a class="external text" href="http://strangepaths.com/files/planck1901.pdf">On the Law of Distribution of Energy in the Normal Spectrum</a>&#8220;), Annalen Der Physik, 4, 553 (1901). [Hypothèse quantique, loi du rayonnement du corps noir]</li>
<li>A. Einstein, &#8220;<a class="external text" href="http://www.strangepaths.com/files/1905.pdf">Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt</a>&#8221; (&#8221;<a target="_blank" href="http://wien.cs.jhu.edu/AnnusMirabilis/AeReserveArticles/eins_lq.pdf">On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light</a>&#8220;), Annalen Der Physik, 1905. [Quantum de lumière, explication de l&#8217;effet photoélectrique]</li>
<li>N. Bohr, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://strangepaths.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/bohr1918.pdf">On the Quantum Theory of Line-Spectra</a>&#8220;, D. KGL. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skrifter, naturvidensk. og mathem. Afd. 8. Raekke, IV.1, 1-3 1 (1918). [Principe de complémentarité]</li>
<li>L. de Broglie, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.academie-sciences.fr/Membres/in_memoriam/Broglie/Broglie_pdf/CR1923_p507.pdf">Ondes et Quanta</a>&#8221; (&#8221;<a target="_blank" href="http://strangepaths.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/rendus-e.pdf">Waves and Quanta</a>&#8220;), Compt. Ren. 177:507 (1923). [Dualité onde-particule]</li>
<li>S. N. Bose, &#8220;Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese&#8221; (&#8221;<a target="_blank" href="http://dbserv.ihep.su/%7Eelan/src/bose24/eng.pdf">Plancks Law and Light Quantum Hypothesis</a>&#8220;), Z. Phys, 26, 178 (1924). A. Einstein, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://alberteinstein.info/db/ViewImage.do?DocumentID=34042&#038;Page=1">Quantentheorie des einatomigen idealen Gases</a>&#8220;, Sitzungsber. Kgl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., 261 (1924), 3 (1925). [Statistique de Bose-Einstein, prédiction du condensat de Bose-Einstein]</li>
<li>W. Pauli, &#8220;Über den Zusammenhang des Abschlusses der Elektronengruppen im Atom mit der Komplexstruktur der Spektren&#8221; (&#8221;<a target="_blank" href="http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Pauli-1925/Pauli-1925.html">On the Connexion between the Completion of Electron Groups in an Atom with the Complex Structure of Spectra</a>&#8220;), Z. Phys. 31:765 (1925). [Principe d&#8217;exclusion de Pauli]</li>
<li>W. Heisenberg, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/w22847j178u03029/">Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen</a>&#8221; (&#8221;Quantum-Theoretical Re-Interpretation of Kinematic and Mechanical Relations&#8221;), Z. Phys. 33:879 (1925). [Fondements théoriques de la mécanique quantique, &#8220;formulation de Heisenberg&#8221;]</li>
<li>M. Born, P. Jordan, &#8220;Zur Quantenmechanik&#8221; (&#8221;<a target="_blank" href="http://dbserv.ihep.su/%7Eelan/src/born25/eng.pdf">On Quantum Mechanics</a>&#8220;), Z. Phys. 34:858 (1925). [Formalisme des matrices]</li>
<li>E. Fermi, &#8220;Zur Quantelung des Idealen Einatomigen Gases&#8221; (&#8221;<a target="_blank" href="http://dbserv.ihep.su/%7Eelan/src/fermi26b/eng.pdf">On Quantization of Perfect Monatomic Gases</a>&#8220;), Z. Phys. 36, 902 (1926). P.A.M. Dirac, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0950-1207%2819261001%29112:762%3c661:OTTOQM%3e2.0.CO%3b2-X&#038;origin=ads">On the Theory of Quantum Mechanics</a>&#8220;, Proc. Roy. Soc. A112, 661 (1926). [Statistique de Fermi-Dirac]</li>
<li>E. Schrödinger, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://strangepaths.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/schrodinger1926a.pdf">Quantizierung als Eigenwertproblem (Erste Mitteilung)</a>&#8221; (&#8221;Quantization as a Problem of Proper Values. Part I.&#8221;), Annalen der Physik., 79:361 (1926). [Equation de Schrödinger]</li>
<li>E. Schrödinger, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://strangepaths.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/schrodinger1926c.pdf">Über das Verhältnis der Heisenberg Born Jordanischen Quantenmechanik zu der meinen</a>&#8221; (&#8221;On the Relation Between the Quantum Mechanics of Heisenberg, Born, and Jordan, and that of Schrödinger&#8221;), Annalen der Physik. 79:734 (1926). [Equivalence des formulations de la mécanique quantique de Heisenberg et Schrödinger]</li>
<li>M. Born, &#8220;Zur Quantenmechanik der Stoßvorgänge&#8221; (&#8221;Quantum Mechanics of Collision&#8221;), Z. Phys. 37:863 (1926). [Interprétation statistique, densité de probabilité]</li>
<li>W. Heisenberg, &#8220;Über den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik&#8221; (&#8221;<a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983ZhPhy..43..172H">The Actual Content of Quantum Theoretical Kinematics and Mechanics</a>&#8220;), Z. Phys. 43:172 (1927). [Principe d&#8217;incertitude]</li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, N. Rosen, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://strangepaths.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/epr.pdf">Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?</a>&#8220;, </span><span class="aps-heading"> 			Phys. Rev. 47, 777–780 (May 15, 1935). [Paradoxe EPR]</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">R. P. Feynman, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://br.geocities.com/ciencia_traduzida/originais/feynman_arquivos/feynman1.pdf">Space-Time Approach to Non-Relativistic Quantum Mechanics</a>&#8220;, Rev. of Mod. Phys. 20:367 (1948). [Formalisme de l&#8217;intégrale de chemin]</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">H. Everett, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://prola.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v29/i3/p454_1">Relative state formulation of quantum mechanics</a>&#8220;, Rev. Mod. Phys. 29, 454-462 (1957). [Interpretation des univers multiples]</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">Bell, J. S., </span><span class="aps-heading">&#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.ffn.ub.es/luisnavarro/nuevo_maletin/Bell%20%281964%29_Bell%27s%20theorem.pdf">On the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox</a>&#8220;,</span><span class="aps-heading"> Physics 1, 195–200 (1964). [Théorème de Bell]</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">H. D. Zeh, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/%7Eas3/FP70.pdf">On the interpretation of measurement in quantum theory</a>&#8220;, Found. Phys. 1, 69-76 (1970). [Décohérence]</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">W. K. Wootters, W. H. Zurek, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v299/n5886/abs/299802a0.html">A single quantum cannot be cloned</a>&#8220;, Nature, 299, 802-803 (</span><span class="aps-heading">1982). [Théorème de non clonage]<br />
</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">C. H. Bennett, G. Brassard, et al., &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.research.ibm.com/quantuminfo/teleportation/teleportation.ps">Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels</a>&#8220;, </span><span class="aps-heading">Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1895-1899 (1993)</span><span class="aps-heading">. [Téléportation quantique]</span></li>
</ul>
<h3>Physique nucléaire et des particules</h3>
<ul>
<li>E. Rutherford, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://dbserv.ihep.su/%7Eelan/src/rutherford11/eng.pdf">The Scattering of alpha and beta Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom</a>&#8220;, Phil. Mag. 21, 669 (1911). [Existence des noyaux atomiques, modèle de l&#8217;atome de Rutherford]</li>
<li>N. Bohr, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://dbserv.ihep.su/%7Eelan/src/bohr13/eng.pdf">On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules</a>&#8220;, I. Phil. Mag. 26:1 (1913). [Modèle de l&#8217;atome de Bohr]</li>
<li>P. A. M. Dirac, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0950-1207%2819270502%29114%3A769%3C710%3ATQTOD%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X">The Quantum Theory of Dispersion</a>&#8220;, Proc. Roy. Soc. A114:710 (1927). [Fondements de l&#8217;électrodynamique quantique]</li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">P. A. M. Dirac, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://strangepaths.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/dirac1928a.pdf">The Quantum Theory of the Electron</a>&#8220;, Proc. R. Soc. London A 117 610 (1928) A 118 351-361 (1928). [Equation quantique relativiste de l&#8217;électron]</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">H. Yukawa, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://dbserv.ihep.su/%7Eelan/src/yukawa35/eng.pdf">On the Interaction of Elementary Particles</a>&#8220;, Proc. Phys. Math. Soc. Jap. 17:48 (1935). [Théorie des champs des forces nucléaires]</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">R. P. Feynman, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://authors.library.caltech.edu/3516/01/FEYpr48a.pdf">Relativistic Cut-Off for Quantum Electrodynamics</a>&#8220;, Phys. Rev. 74, 1430 (1948). &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://authors.library.caltech.edu/3523/01/FEYpr49c.pdf">Space-Time Approach to Quantum Electrodynamics</a>&#8220;, Phys. Rev. 76, 769 - 789 (1949). &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://authors.library.caltech.edu/3528/01/FEYpr50.pdf">Mathematical Formulation of the Quantum Theory of Electromagnetic Interaction</a>&#8220;, Phys. Rev. 80, 440 - 457 (1950).</span><span class="aps-heading"> [Théorie covariante de l&#8217;électrodynamique quantique]</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">C. N. Yang, R.L. Mills, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v96/i1/p191_1">Conservation of Isotopic Spin and Isotopic Gauge Invariance</a>&#8220;, Phys. Rev. 96:191 (1954). [Théorie de Yang-Mills d&#8217;invariance de jauge locale]</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">M. Gell-Mann, &#8220;A Schematic Model of Baryons and Mesons&#8221;, Phys. Lett. 8:214 (1964). [Modèle du Quark]</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">P. W. Higgs, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v13/i16/p508_1">Broken Symmetries and Masses of Gauge Bosons</a>&#8220;, Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 508 (1964). [Mécanisme de Higgs]</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">S. Weinberg, &#8220;<a href="http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v19/i21/p1264_1">A model of leptons</a>&#8220;, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 1264-1266 (1967). [Théorie électrofaible]</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading"><span class="aps-heading">G. Veneziano, &#8220;</span>Construction of a crossing-symmetric, Regge-behaved amplitude for linearly rising trajectories&#8221;, Nuovo Cimento, 57A, 190 (1968). L. Susskind, &#8220;Dual symmetric theory of hadrons&#8221;, Nuovo Cimento, 69A, 457 (1970). [Première formulation de la théorie des cordes]</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">G. &#8216;t Hooft, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/phys/2005-0622-154130/14000.pdf">Renormalization of Massless Yang-Mills Fields</a>&#8220;, Nucl. Phys. B33:173 (1971). [Preuve de la renormalisabilité des champs de jauge]</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">D.J. Gross, F. Wilczek, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v30/i26/p1343_1">Ultraviolet Behaviour of Non-Abelian Gauge Theory</a>&#8220;, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30:1343 (1973). [Liberté asymptotique]</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">H. Georgi, S. L. Glashow, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v32/i8/p438_1">Unity of All Elementary-Particle Forces</a>&#8220;,  Phys. Rev. Lett. 32, 438-441 (1974). [Théorie de grande unification de toutes les forces exceptée la gravité]</span></li>
</ul>
<p><a class="external text" title="http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Planck-1901/Planck-1901.html" href="http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Planck-1901/Planck-1901.html"> </a></p>
<h3>Gravité quantique</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="aps-heading">B. S. DeWitt, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v160/i5/p1113_1">Quantum Theory of Gravity. I. The Canonical Theory</a>&#8220;,  Phys. Rev. 160, 1113-1148 (1967). [Equation de Wheeler-DeWitt]</span><span class="aps-heading" /></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">J. Scherk, J. H. Schwarz, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1974NuPhB..81..118S">Dual models for non-hadrons</a>&#8220;, Nucl. Phys. B81, 118 (1974). [Application de la théorie des cordes à la gravité quantique] </span><span class="aps-heading">M. B. Green, J. H. Schwarz, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981NuPhB.181..502G">Supersymmetrical dual string theory</a>&#8220;, Nuclear Physics B181, 3, 502-530 (1981). [Théorie des supercordes]</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">J. D. Bekenstein, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRD/v7/i8/p2333_1">Black Holes and Entropy</a>&#8220;, Phys. Rev. D 7, 2333-2346 (1973). [Thérmodynamique des trous noirs]</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">S. W. Hawking, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://projecteuclid.org/Dienst/UI/1.0/Summarize/euclid.cmp/1103899181">Particle creation by black holes</a>&#8220;, Comm. Math. Phys., 43, 3, 199-220 (1975). [Rayonnement de Hawking]</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">A. Ashtekar, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v57/i18/p2244_1">New variables for classical and quantum gravity</a>&#8220;, Phys. Rev. Lett., 57 (18), 2244-2247 (1986). [Variables de Ashtekar]. C. Rovelli, L. Smolin, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990NuPhB.331...80R">Loop space representation of quantum general relativity</a>&#8220;, Nucl. Phys., B331 (1), 80-152, (1990). [Gravitation quantique à boucles]</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">G. &#8216;t Hooft, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9310026">Dimensional Reduction in Quantum Gravity</a>&#8220;, arXiv:gr-qc/9310026 (1993). [Principe holographique]</span></li>
<li><span class="aps-heading">E. Witten, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9503124">String Theory Dynamics In Various Dimensions</a>&#8220;, Nucl. Phys. B443 85-126 (1995). [Théorie-M]</span></li>
</ul>
<h2>Calcul</h2>
<h3>Théorie de la calculabilité</h3>
<ul>
<li>K. Gödel, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/p03501kn35215860/">Über formal unentscheidbare Sätze der <em>Principia Mathematica</em> und verwandter Systeme</a>&#8221; (&#8221;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html%3FASIN=0486669807%26tag=strangepaths-20%26lcode=xm2%26cID=2025%26ccmID=165953%26location=/o/ASIN/0486669807%253FSubscriptionId=0EMV44A9A5YT1RVDGZ82"><span class="sans">On Formally Undecidable Propositions of <em>Principia Mathematica</em> and Related Systems</span></a>&#8220;), Monatshefte für Mathematik und Physik, 38: 173-98 (1931). [Théorèmes de Gödel pour les systèmes axiomatiques recursifs]</li>
<li>A. Turing, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://web.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/research/areas/ieg/e-library/sources/tp2-ie.pdf">On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem</a>&#8220;, Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 2(42), 230-265 (November 12, 1936) [Modèle de calcul de la <em>Machine de Turing</em>, définition de calculabilité (thèse de Turing)]</li>
<li>A. Turing, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-4812%28193712%292%3A4%3C153%3ACA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-%23">Computability and lambda-Definability</a>&#8220;, Journal of Symbolic Logic, 2, 153-163 (December 1937). [Preuve de l&#8217;équivalence des fonctions calculables de Turing, des fonctions lambda-definables de Church et des fonctions recursives générales de Gödel-Kleene]</li>
<li>A. Turing, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.turingarchive.org/viewer/?id=469&#038;title=1">Systems of logic based on ordinals&#8221;</a>, Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 3(45), 161-228 (1939). [Définition de calculabilité relative, machine avec oracle]</li>
<li>W. S. McCulloch, W. H. Pitts, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=104377">A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity</a>&#8220;. Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 5:115-133 (1943). [Systèmes à états finis, réseaux de neurones]</li>
<li>J. von Neumann, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://crl.ucsd.edu/%7Eelman/Courses/cog202/Papers/vonneumann.pdf">On a logical and general theory of automata</a>&#8220;, in Cerebral Mechanisms in Behavior: The Hixon Symposium, ed. L.A. Jeffries (New York: Wiley, 1951). J. von Neumann, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1102024">Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata</a>&#8220;, (University of Illinois Press, 1966). [Automates]</li>
<li>N. Chomsky, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.chomsky.info/articles/195609--.pdf">Three Models for the Description of Language</a>&#8220;. IRE Transactions on Information Theory. 2,3 : 113-24 (1956). &#8220;On certain formal properties of grammars&#8221;, Information and Control 2, 137-167 (1959). [Grammaires formelles]</li>
<li>M. O. Rabin, D. Scott, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/032/ibmrd0302C.pdf">Finite automata and their decision problems</a>&#8220;, IBM Journal of Research and Development, 3:114–125 (1959). [Machines non déterministes]</li>
</ul>
<h3>Théorie de l&#8217;information</h3>
<ul>
<li>C. E. Shannon, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/ms/what/shannonday/shannon1948.pdf">A mathematical theory of communication</a>&#8220;, Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 27, 379-423 and 623-656 (July and October 1948). [Fondements de la théorie de l&#8217;information]</li>
<li>R. Hamming, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.engelschall.com/%7Esb/hamming/?page=1">Error detecting and error correcting codes</a>&#8220;, Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, 40:9, 1098–1101 (1952). [Correction d&#8217;erreurs]</li>
<li>R. Landauer, &#8220;<a title="http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/441/landauerii.pdf" class="external text" href="http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/441/landauerii.pdf">Irreversibility and Heat Generation in the Computing Process</a>&#8220;, IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 5, No. 3 (1961). [L&#8217;irreversibilité logique est une irreversibilité physique]</li>
</ul>
<h3>Complexité des algorithmes</h3>
<ul>
<li>J. Hartmanis, R. Stearns, &#8220;On the computational complexity of algorithms&#8221;, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 117 (May 1965). [Fondements de la théorie de la complexité des algorithmes]</li>
<li>M. Blum, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=321395">A machine-independent theory of the complexity of recursive functions</a>&#8220;. Journal of the ACM, 14-2:322 336 (1967). [Axiomes de complexité de Blum]</li>
<li>S. A. Cook, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.cs.toronto.edu/%7Esacook/homepage/1971.pdf.gz">The Complexity of Theorem Proving Procedures</a>&#8220;, Proceedings Third Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 151-158 (May 1971). [Concept de problème NP-complet]</li>
</ul>
<h3>Théorie algorithmique de l&#8217;information</h3>
<ul>
<li>R. Solomonoff, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://world.std.com/%7Erjs/1964pt1.pdf">A formal theory of Inductive Inference</a>&#8220;, Information and Control, 7, 1-22, 224-54 (1964). [Première définition de la complexité algorithmique]</li>
<li>A. N. Kolmogorov, &#8220;Three approaches to the quantitative definition of information&#8221;, Problems in Information Transmission, 1:1, 1-7, (1965). [Complexité de Kolmogorov]</li>
<li>G. J. Chaitin, &#8220;<a href="http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/CDMTCS/chaitin/acm69a.pdf">On the length of programs for computing finite binary sequences: statistical considerations</a>&#8220;, Journal of the ACM, 16, 145-159 (1969). [Formulation indépendante de la complexité de Kolmogorov]</li>
</ul>
<h3>Théorie de l&#8217;information quantique</h3>
<ul>
<li>R. P. Feynman, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall04/cos576/papers/feynman82/feynman82.pdf">Simulating Physics with Computers</a>&#8220;, International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 21: 467-488 (1982). [Argument pour le calcul quantique]</li>
<li>D. Deutsch, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://folk.uio.no/ovrum/articles/deutsch85.pdf">Quantum Theory, the Church-Turing Principle, and the Universal Quantum Computer</a>&#8220;, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., A400, 97–117 (1985). [Fondement du modèle quantique de calcul, machine de Turing quantique universelle]</li>
<li>D. Deutsch, R. Jozsa, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0962-8444%2819921208%29439%3A1907%3C553%3ARSOPBQ%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5">Rapid Solution of Problems by Quantum Computation</a>&#8220;, Proceedings: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 439:1907, 553-558 (1992). [Premier algorithme quantique]</li>
<li>C. H. Bennett and S. J. Wiesner. &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v69/i20/p2881_1">Communication via one- and two-particle operators on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen states</a>&#8220;. Phys. Rev. Lett., 69:2881 (1992). [Codage super-dense]</li>
<li>P. Shor, &#8220;<a target="_blank" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9508027">Algorithms for quantum computation: discrete logarithms and factoring</a>&#8220;, IEEE Comput. Soc. Press, 124–134 (November 1994) [Algorithme de factorisation quantique de Shor]</li>
<li>L. K. Grover, &#8220;<a title="http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9605043" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9605043">A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search</a>&#8220;, Proceedings, 28th Annual ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computing, 212 (May 1996). [Algorithme de recherche quantique de Grover]</li>
</ul>
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